What is software engineering?
Software engineering is a part of computer science that uses engineering principles to design, develop, test, and maintain software. The main aim is to create high-quality, reliable, and efficient software while sticking to deadlines and budgets.
Most software engineers have a bachelor’s degree in computer science or IT, but the best ones keep learning to stay updated with fast-changing tech and industry practices.
How to learn software engineering
Create a learning plan
First, explore different software engineering specializations like:
- Web development (front-end, back-end, or full-stack)
- DevOps
- Information security
- Machine learning
Finding what interests you will help narrow down which programming languages and skills to focus on early.
Next, assess your current skills. Figure out how much time you can dedicate (full-time or part-time) and what learning style suits you—whether it’s self-paced online courses, structured degrees, microcredentials, or certificate programs.
Once you’ve picked a direction, set SMART goals and create a timeline. This keeps you focused, tracks progress, and holds you accountable as you move forward.
Master the prerequisite skills
Build a strong foundation in core computer science topics like:
- Algorithms
- Data structures
- Computing systems
- Infrastructure
Learning basic programming languages like Python and JavaScript can also help you get comfortable with essential coding. Courses like Harvard’s CS50x: Introduction to Computer Science or MIT’s Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python cover the fundamentals needed for advanced software engineering studies.
Start learning software engineering skills
Enroll in specialized courses or programs that build on your computer science basics. Programs like IBM’s MicroBachelors® in Full-Stack Application Development or the Full-Stack Developer Professional Certificate teach:
- Software design & development
- Cloud computing
- Database management
Once you’ve built these technical skills, apply them through personal or open-source projects to gain experience and grow your portfolio.
What can you expect from a software engineering program?
Software engineering programs cover topics like software design, development, and maintenance. They often focus on programming languages like Java, Python, C/C++, and JavaScript, though the exact curriculum varies by program.
Typical coursework includes:
- The software development life cycle
- Best practices in software & web development
- Software testing, verification, and validation
- Software project management
- Algorithms
- Computer architecture
- Data structures
- Computer networks
- Operating systems
- Database design
- Artificial intelligence
How long does it take to learn software engineering?
It depends on your path. A bachelor’s degree takes about four years of full-time study, but you can start with short courses (around 4–6 weeks) to learn the basics.
How to choose the best software engineering program for you
Consider factors like time commitment, desired skills, career goals, and industry trends. Explore edX’s online programs to find the right fit:
- Courses (4–6 weeks): Great for beginners or skill-building.
- Certificates: Ideal for professionals boosting their résumés.
- Executive education (~10 weeks): Best for experienced pros leveling up.
- Degrees: A bachelor’s (4 years) is great for starting a career, while a master’s suits those wanting advanced expertise.
Jobs that use software engineering
Building your skills can lead to careers like:
- Software Developer
- Computer Systems Analyst
- Quality Assurance Analyst
Your next steps to learn software engineering
Begin with foundational courses
If you’re new, start with basics like IBM’s Software Engineering Basics for Everyone. Once you understand the field better, you can set clear goals and progress strategically.
Enroll in a program that fits your career path
edX offers specialized courses, certificates, and degrees for different goals:
- Aspiring engineers: Try an online bachelor’s in software engineering.
- Career changers: IBM’s DevOps and Software Engineering Professional Certificate is a great start.
- Advancing professionals: A MicroMasters® Program offers flexibility without a full master’s commitment.
Stay up-to-date on industry insights through continuous education
Keep learning as your career grows. Explore online programs to stay ahead in software engineering.